Corticosteroids for Allergies: Benefits, Risks, and Interactions

What Is a Corticosteroid?

A corticosteroid is a type of medication that mimics the effects of hormones naturally produced by the adrenal glands, called cortisol. These medications are potent anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat various conditions characterized by inflammation, such as asthma, allergies, arthritis, and skin disorders.

Corticosteroids work by suppressing the immune system's inflammatory response. This suppression reduces swelling, redness, and other symptoms associated with inflammation. They can be taken orally, inhaled, applied topically, or injected.

What Are Corticosteroids Used For?

Corticosteroids are used for a wide range of medical conditions, from allergies to cancer, due to their potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. If you’re wondering whether a corticosteroid can be used for your condition, here is a list of some of the main conditions they treat:

• Allergic reactions: Corticosteroids are effective in treating chronic allergies, like allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and atopic dermatitis (eczema).
• Asthma: Inhaled corticosteroids are commonly used to reduce inflammation in the airways, providing long-term control of asthma symptoms and preventing asthma attacks.
• Autoimmune diseases: Corticosteroids can help suppress the immune system in autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and multiple sclerosis.
• Skin conditions: Topical corticosteroids are used to treat a variety of inflammatory skin disorders, including eczema, psoriasis, and contact dermatitis. They help manage inflammation and itching, providing significant relief to the skin.
• Eye inflammation: Corticosteroid eye drops or injections may be prescribed for conditions like uveitis, a type of eye inflammation, or to reduce inflammation after eye surgery.
• Inflammatory bowel disease: Corticosteroids can help reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms in conditions such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
• Adrenal insufficiency: In cases where the adrenal glands are not producing enough cortisol, corticosteroids can be prescribed to replace the missing hormone.
• Cancer: Corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation and improve symptoms in certain types of cancer, as well as to manage the side effects of cancer treatments like chemotherapy.

How Do Corticosteroids Help Allergies?

When your body encounters an allergen, it triggers an immune response. This response is part of your body's defense mechanism against perceived threats. The symptoms resulting from it make up your allergies. Corticosteroids help manage allergies by suppressing the overactive immune response and reducing the production of inflammation-causing substances.

What Are the Types of Corticosteroids?

There are several types of corticosteroids available for various medical conditions. Each type works differently, takes varying amounts of time to show results, and may target specific symptoms. Here are the main types of corticosteroids, their onset of action, the symptoms they treat, their benefits, and potential side effects.

Inhaled Corticosteroids

Inhaled steroids directly target the airways, reducing inflammation and preventing symptoms like wheezing and shortness of breath. The effects of inhalation can be seen within a few days to weeks of regular use. Inhaled corticosteroids are commonly used to manage respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

These medications are beneficial as they provide long-term control of respiratory symptoms and help prevent exacerbations. However, some possible side effects may include oral thrush, hoarseness, and a higher risk of developing cataracts or osteoporosis. It's important to rinse your mouth after each use to minimize the risk of oral side effects.

Topical Corticosteroids

Topical corticosteroids are commonly used to treat various skin conditions, including eczema, psoriasis, and allergic reactions. They come in the form of creams, ointments, lotions, or gels and work by reducing inflammation, itching, and redness in the affected areas. The time it takes for topical corticosteroids to work can vary, but you may start noticing improvements within a few days of use.

Their main benefits include their ability to provide targeted relief to specific skin areas and their effectiveness in managing various dermatological conditions. However, prolonged use or excessive application of these medications may lead to skin thinning, stretch marks, or even increased susceptibility to infections. It's essential to follow your healthcare provider's instructions regarding the frequency and duration of use.

Oral Corticosteroids

Oral corticosteroids, also known as systemic corticosteroids, are prescribed to manage severe allergic reactions, inflammatory conditions, and autoimmune disorders. They suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation throughout the body.

Unlike inhaled or topical corticosteroids, the effects of oral corticosteroids are relatively rapid, often within a few hours. They provide quick relief from symptoms such as swelling, pain, and inflammation. However, oral pills are typically used for short periods due to their potential for significant side effects.

Prolonged use of high-dose systemic corticosteroids may lead to weight gain, increased blood sugar levels, mood changes, osteoporosis, and an increased risk of infections. It’s crucial to use them under the close supervision of a healthcare professional and follow the prescribed dosing regimen.

Corticosteroid Injections

Corticosteroid injections deliver powerful anti-inflammatory effects directly to specific areas of the body, such as joints or muscles, to reduce inflammation, alleviate pain, and improve mobility.

They typically start working within a few days to a week, providing rapid relief for conditions like arthritis, tendonitis, and skin inflammation. The main benefits include targeted pain relief, reduced swelling, and improved localized inflammation.

However, potential side effects may include temporary discomfort at the injection site, localized swelling, and rare systemic effects like elevated blood sugar or infection. It's important to consult with a healthcare professional to discuss the risks and benefits before opting for corticosteroid injections.

Who Can Take Corticosteroids?

Corticosteroid therapy is suitable for people experiencing inflammation from various conditions like asthma, allergies, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and inflammatory bowel disease. Short-term use is common for severe inflammation, while long-term use is for chronic conditions. Localized forms are used for specific allergies.

Consult a doctor before taking corticosteroids while pregnant and before giving them to children If you have conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, or other individual health concerns, you should also consult with a healthcare provider before you start.

How to Take Corticosteroids?

Taking corticosteroids properly is crucial to maximize their effectiveness and minimize potential side effects. Here's what you need to know about corticosteroid therapy:

• Timing: If you're prescribed oral corticosteroids to take once a day, it's usually best to take them in the morning with breakfast. This timing mimics your body's natural rhythm of steroid production and can help reduce side effects.
• With food: It's recommended to take corticosteroids with food or milk to help protect your stomach. These medications can be irritating to the stomach lining, so eating something can help reduce discomfort.
• Consistency: Always take your medication exactly as prescribed. Don't suddenly stop taking corticosteroids without consulting your healthcare provider, even if you're feeling better. Your body needs time to adjust to changes in steroid levels, and a sudden stop can lead to withdrawal symptoms.
• Local applications: For corticosteroids that are applied to the skin, inhaled, or used as eye or nasal drops, follow your healthcare provider's instructions closely. These forms are typically used on an as-needed basis or at specific times of the day.
• Missed dose: If you forget a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it's close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed one and continue with your regular schedule. Never take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

Remember, these are general guidelines. Your healthcare provider will provide specific instructions based on your condition and the type of corticosteroid you're prescribed. Always follow their advice, and don't hesitate to ask them any questions you have about your medication.

What Are Corticosteroids Side Effects and Risks?

While corticosteroids can be highly effective for a range of conditions, they also come with potential side effects and risks, particularly with long-term use.

• Common side effects: These may include increased appetite, weight gain, mood swings, trouble sleeping, or feeling nervous or restless. You might also experience a rise in blood sugar levels or blood pressure.
• Long-term side effects: Extended use can lead to corticosteroid adverse effects like thinning bones (osteoporosis), cataracts, glaucoma, or increased risk of infections. It can also slow growth in children.
• Withdrawal symptoms: If you've been using corticosteroids for more than a few weeks, don't stop taking them suddenly. Doing so could lead to withdrawal symptoms such as fatigue, body aches, mood swings, and a general feeling of being unwell.
• Interactions: Corticosteroids can interact with other medications, including some types of non-prescription drugs and dietary supplements. Always let your healthcare provider know about any other medications or supplements you're taking.
• Risk factors: People with certain health conditions, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, mental health disorders, or osteoporosis, may have higher risks associated with corticosteroid use.

Not everyone experiences these side effects, but regular check-ins with your healthcare provider are still important as they can help manage these risks and ensure the benefits of the medication outweigh any potential downsides.

What Are the Best Corticosteroid Alternatives?

While corticosteroids are widely used and effective, there are times when alternatives may be considered, either due to side effects, contraindications, or a preference for different treatment approaches. Here are some main alternatives:

NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)

NSAIDs are medications that help reduce inflammation and provide pain relief. They can be used as an alternative to corticosteroids for conditions like arthritis or some sports injuries. Common examples of NSAIDs include ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin. However, these medications may not be suitable for everyone and can also cause side effects, such as gastrointestinal issues or increased risk of bleeding.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines are often used to treat mild to moderate allergy symptoms. They work by blocking histamine, a chemical responsible for allergy symptoms like itching, sneezing, and runny nose. Antihistamines can be taken orally, as a nasal spray, or as eye drops, depending on the specific allergy being treated.

Leukotriene Modifiers

Leukotriene modifiers can be used to manage asthma and allergy symptoms. These medications work by blocking leukotrienes, which are inflammatory chemicals produced by the body during an allergic reaction. Montelukast (Singulair) is a common example of a leukotriene modifier.

Mast Cell Stabilizers

Mast cell stabilizers help prevent the release of histamine and other inflammatory chemicals from mast cells. These medications can be used for treating allergic conditions like allergic rhinitis or conjunctivitis. Cromolyn sodium is an example of a mast cell stabilizer available as a nasal spray or eye drop.

Sublingual Immunotherapy

Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is the best solution for long-term allergy relief. Sublingual immunotherapy is a type of allergy immunotherapy that involves placing a small tablet containing allergen extracts under the tongue to help the immune system build a tolerance to the allergen. Over time the body becomes desensitized to your allergy triggers and stops reacting when exposed, resulting in long-term relief from your symptoms.

Fix Your Allergies with Wyndly

If you want to live allergy-free without frequent pills or sprays and uncomfortable side effects, Wyndly can help. Our allergy doctors will create a personalized treatment plan for your allergies using sublingual immunotherapy to help you live free from your allergies.

Ready to start your personalized allergy journey? Take our quick online allergy assessment today to see how Wyndly can help you.

Frequently Asked Questions

Navigating the world of corticosteroids can come with many questions. To help you better understand the usage of these powerful medications, let's delve into some of the most frequently asked questions and their answers.

How Often Can You Take Corticosteroids?

The frequency of corticosteroid intake depends on your specific condition and your healthcare provider's instructions. It could range from several times a day for acute conditions to once daily or even less frequently for chronic conditions or maintenance therapy.

Can Children Take Corticosteroids?

Yes, children can take corticosteroids for certain conditions, such as asthma or severe skin allergies. However, their usage needs to be carefully controlled and monitored due to potential growth-related side effects.

Can You Take Corticosteroids During Pregnancy?

Pregnant women should consult their healthcare provider before taking corticosteroids. Some corticosteroids can cross the placenta. Your healthcare provider can advise you on the safest course of action.