Aureobasidium Pullulans Allergy: Symptoms, Treatment, and Detection Tips

What Is Aureobasidium Pullulans?

Aureobasidium Pullulans is a ubiquitous yeast-like fungus that is frequently found in the environment. It is black or brown in color and can be found in water, soil, air, and numerous man-made environments.

Scientific Information

On a scientific level, Aureobasidium Pullulans is a part of the Ascomycota phylum. It is an anamorphic fungus that reproduces asexually by forming conidia. The fungus is known for its high adaptability and its ability to colonize a wide range of habitats, which makes it prevalent in various environments.

Known Species

There are several known species of Aureobasidium, including Aureobasidium pullulans var. pullulans and Aureobasidium pullulans var. melanigenum. These species differ slightly in their morphology and genetic characteristics, but they all belong to the same genus and share many common features.

Aureobasidium Mold

Aureobasidium pullulans is often referred to as 'Aureobasidium mold' due to its ability to form mold-like colonies. These colonies can appear on various materials, including wood, paint, and textiles. The species is also a well-known cause of allergic reactions, with exposure leading to symptoms such as sneezing, coughing, and eye irritation.

How Prevalent Is Aureobasidium Pullulans Allergy?

The prevalence of Aureobasidium Pullulans allergy varies widely since this fungus can be found in diverse environments worldwide. However, due to its common occurrence in moist and humid conditions, allergies to this mold are more common in such areas.

Epidemiology

Epidemiological studies have noted a significant number of people showing sensitivity to Aureobasidium Pullulans. Its widespread presence in both outdoor and indoor environments, such as homes and workplaces, contributes to its high prevalence. As reported in Wyndly's Summer 2023 report, areas with high humidity and rainfall often show increased levels of this mold, leading to a higher incidence of allergy cases. Furthermore, individuals with a history of allergies to other common allergens like aspen trees or bahia grass may be more susceptible to Aureobasidium Pullulans allergy.

What Are the Environmental Characteristics of Aureobasidium Pullulans?

Aureobasidium Pullulans is a ubiquitous fungus known for its adaptability in various environments. Frequently found in humid and damp conditions, this mold is also prevalent in outdoor settings, particularly on plant surfaces and in soil.

Aureobasidium Pullulans thrives in regions with high humidity and rainfall. It's often detected in outdoor environments, especially on foliage and in soil, playing a crucial role in decomposing plant material. Its presence is not limited to outdoors; it's also commonly found in indoor environments such as homes in Aurora, IL or workplaces, especially in damp areas like kitchens and bathrooms.

This mold can grow on various substrates, from plant leaves to wooden surfaces and painted walls. Its spores are easily airborne, facilitating its spread and increasing the likelihood of inhalation by individuals, thereby leading to potential allergic reactions. As such, Aureobasidium Pullulans allergy prevalence can show a significant increase during certain seasons, especially in late summer and fall, as seen in Orange, CA's pollen and allergy trends.

How Does Exposure to Aureobasidium Pullulans Occur?

Exposure to Aureobasidium Pullulans primarily occurs through inhalation of airborne spores, which are abundant in both indoor and outdoor environments. These microscopic spores can easily be breathed into the lungs, triggering allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

Route of Exposure

The primary route of exposure to Aureobasidium Pullulans is through inhalation of airborne spores. These spores are released into the air, particularly in moist and humid conditions, and can be found both indoors and outdoors. Inside homes, the presence of this mold is often detected in damp areas such as bathrooms, kitchens, and basements.

Outdoor exposure is common as well, particularly in humid climates or during specific seasons. For example, individuals living in areas with a high prevalence of cocklebur or mulberry trees may find an increased abundance of Aureobasidium Pullulans, especially during late summer and early fall.

Another less common route of exposure is through direct skin contact with surfaces contaminated with the mold. This can lead to skin irritation or dermatitis in sensitive individuals. Therefore, it's crucial to be aware of the environmental presence of Aureobasidium Pullulans to minimize exposure and potential health risks.

How Is Aureobasidium Pullulans Allergy Detected?

The detection of an Aureobasidium Pullulans allergy is usually performed using skin prick tests or specific IgE blood tests. Both tests identify the presence of allergen-specific antibodies in response to exposure to Aureobasidium Pullulans.

Detection

Skin prick tests involve applying a small amount of the Aureobasidium Pullulans allergen onto the skin, typically on the forearm or back, and then pricking the skin to introduce the allergen. If the person is allergic, a localized skin reaction, such as a wheal, will appear within 15 to 20 minutes. This test is usually performed under the supervision of an allergy specialist.

Specific IgE blood tests, on the other hand, measure the amount of IgE antibodies in the blood that are specific to the Aureobasidium Pullulans allergen. A high level of specific IgE indicates an allergic response.

However, it's worth noting that individuals with allergies to other types of tree pollens, such as alder or beech, might also react to Aureobasidium Pullulans due to cross-reactivity. Thus, a comprehensive allergy test that includes a variety of allergens can help ensure accurate diagnosis.

What Is the Clinical Relevance of Aureobasidium Pullulans Allergy?

Aureobasidium Pullulans allergy can significantly impact an individual's quality of life. Symptoms can include respiratory issues, skin reactions, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis. The allergen is particularly relevant in certain occupational settings.

Allergen

Aureobasidium Pullulans is a known allergen. It is a type of yeast-like fungus that can be found in various environments, both indoors and outdoors. Commonly found in damp places, it can cause allergic reactions when individuals come into contact with it or inhale its spores. These reactions can range from mild to severe, depending on the individual's sensitivity.

Aureobasidium and Your Health

The impact of Aureobasidium Pullulans allergy on your health can vary. Mild reactions may include symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, or itchy eyes. More severe reactions can cause skin rashes, hives, asthma attacks, or even anaphylaxis. It's also worth noting that ongoing exposure to this allergen can exacerbate existing respiratory conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, proper detection and management of this allergy are crucial for maintaining good health.

What Are the Diagnostic and Treatment Options for Aureobasidium Allergy?

Diagnosis of Aureobasidium allergy typically involves allergen-specific skin tests or blood tests. Once an allergy is confirmed, avoidance, medication, or immunotherapy may be recommended as treatment options.

Sublingual Immunotherapy

Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT) is a treatment option for Aureobasidium allergy. It involves placing a tablet containing the allergen under the tongue where it dissolves and is absorbed by the body. This helps the immune system gradually build resistance to the allergen, thereby reducing the severity of allergic reactions over time. This method has been found to be effective in treating various types of allergies, including Aureobasidium allergy.

However, it's essential to remember that every individual's response to treatment may vary, and it's crucial to discuss the available options with a healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan.

How to Remove Aureobasidium Mold?

Removing Aureobasidium mold involves several steps including identification, containment, cleaning, and prevention. Engaging a professional mold remediation service is typically the most effective and safest way to ensure complete removal.

Professional Mold Remediation

Professional mold remediation services have the expertise and equipment to thoroughly clean areas contaminated by mold. They can isolate the affected area to prevent the spread of spores, safely remove contaminated materials, and clean the area with approved antifungal solutions.

DIY Mold Removal

For minor infestations, a do-it-yourself approach can be taken. This involves using a stiff brush, warm water, and detergent to scrub the mold off non-porous surfaces. Afterwards, the area should be dried thoroughly to prevent regrowth. However, safety precautions such as wearing gloves, goggles, and a respirator should be taken.

Prevention is Key

After the mold is removed, it's essential to take steps to prevent its return. This can include controlling moisture levels, ensuring proper ventilation, and regularly checking for signs of mold in susceptible areas of the home.

Live Allergy-Free with Wyndly

If you want long-term relief from your allergies, Wyndly can help. Our doctors will help you identify your allergy triggers and create a personalized treatment plan to get you the lifelong relief you deserve. Start by taking our quick online allergy assessment today!

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Aureobasidium pullulans a yeast?

Aureobasidium pullulans is a type of fungus that shares characteristics with both yeasts and molds. It's commonly found in nature, particularly on plant surfaces and in soil. While it does exhibit yeast-like growth, it also forms mold-like structures, making it a distinctive organism.

Can you be allergic to pullulan?

Yes, it's possible to have an allergic reaction to pullulan, a polysaccharide used in various industries, including food and pharmaceuticals. Symptoms could include hives, difficulty breathing, or anaphylaxis. However, pullulan allergies are relatively rare compared to common allergens like peanuts or shellfish.

What is the infection of Aureobasidium pullulans in humans?

Aureobasidium pullulans is a fungus commonly found in the environment. In rare cases, it can cause infections in humans, primarily in immunocompromised individuals. Symptoms may include skin and soft tissue infections, eye infections (keratitis), sinusitis, and in severe cases, systemic infections.

What causes Aureobasidium pullulans in a house?

Aureobasidium pullulans, a common indoor mold, is caused by excess moisture. It can be found in damp areas like bathrooms, kitchens, and basements. It can also grow on surfaces where water often accumulates, like window sills, walls, and plant pots, and on materials like wood and wallpaper.

What are the health effects of Aureobasidium?

Aureobasidium, a common mold, can cause several health conditions. Exposure might lead to allergic reactions, including sneezing, itching, and watery eyes. It can also provoke asthma attacks in those with asthma. In rare cases, Aureobasidium can cause fungal infection, especially in immunocompromised individuals.